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HMAS Balikpapan (L 126)
HMAS ''Balikpapan'' (L 126) was the lead ship of the ''Balikpapan'' class of heavy landing craft (LCH). Ordered in 1969, ''Balikpapan'' entered service with the Australian Army Water Transport Squadron in late 1971. After this, the decision to place all seagoing Army vessels under the control of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) saw ''Balikpapan'' transferred and commissioned in 1974; the last of the eight-vessel class to enter RAN service. ''Balikpapan'' was placed in reserve in 1985, but was reactivated three years later. During late 1999 and early 2000, the vessel was part of the INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce, and made additional deployments to East Timor in 2001 and 2006. On 12 December 2012, ''Balikpapan'' was retired from RAN service.
==Design and construction==
(詳細はAustralian Army's LSM-1 class landing ship medium and ALC 50 landing craft.〔Gillett, ''Australian and New Zealand Warships since 1946'', pp. 79, 125〕 They are long, with a beam of , and a draught of .〔Wertheim (ed.), ''The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World'', p. 26〕 The landing craft have a standard displacement of 316 tons, with a full load displacement of 503 tons.〔 They are propelled by two G.M. Detroit 6-71 diesel motors, providing 675 brake horsepower to the two propeller shafts, allowing the vessels to reach .〔 The standard ship's company is 13-strong.〔 The ''Balikpapan''s are equipped with a Decca RM 916 navigational radar, and fitted with two machine guns for self-defence.〔
The LCHs have a maximum payload of 180 tons; equivalent to 3 Leopard 1 tanks, 13 M113 armoured personnel carriers 23 quarter-tonne trucks, or four LARC-V amphibious cargo vehicles.〔〔Gillett, ''Australian and New Zealand Warships since 1946'', p. 79〕 As a troop transport, a ''Balikpapan'' class vessel can transport up to 400 soldiers between a larger amphibious ship and the shore, or embark 60 soldiers in six-berth caravans for longer voyages.〔 The vessel's payload affects the range: at 175 tons of cargo, each vessel has a range of , which increases to with a 150-ton payload, and when unladen.〔 The flat, box-like keel causes the ships to roll considerably in other-than-calm conditions, limiting their ability to make long voyages.〔
''Balikpapan'' was laid down by Walkers Limited at Maryborough, Queensland on 1 May 1971, launched on 15 August 1971, and assigned to the Australian Army Water Transport Squadron on 8 December 1971.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=HMAS Balikpapan )〕〔Wertheim (ed.), ''The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World'', p. 25〕 After completing sea trials, ''Balikpapan'' began full operational service in 1972, with a combined RAN/Army crew.〔Gillett, ''Australian and New Zealand Warships since 1946'', p. 124〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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